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Read Crypto Whitepapers

The original whitepapers that started it all. Read in with side-by-side translation.

🇺🇸 English 🇰🇷 한국어 🇯🇵 日本語 🇨🇳 中文简体 🇪🇸 Español 🇧🇷 Português 🇮🇳 हिन्दी 🇸🇦 العربية 🇫🇷 Français 🇷🇺 Русский 🇩🇪 Deutsch 🇹🇷 Türkçe 🇻🇳 Tiếng Việt 🇮🇩 Bahasa Indonesia 🇹🇭 ไทย
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$BTC

2008 Satoshi Nakamoto 17 min
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$ETH

2013 Vitalik Buterin 37 min
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$USDT

2016 J.R. Willett 31 min
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$XRP

2014 David Schwartz, Noah Youngs and Arthur Britto 35 min
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$SOL

2017 Anatoly Yakovenko 36 min
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$USDC

2018 Circle 34 min
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$BNB

2017 Binance 14 min
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$DOGE

2013 Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer 19 min
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$ADA

2017 Charles Hoskinson and IOHK 81 min
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$TRX

2017 Justin Sun 38 min
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$AVAX

2018 Team Rocket and Emin Gün Sirer 33 min
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$LINK

2017 Steve Ellis, Ari Juels and Sergey Nazarov 204 min
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$DOT

2016 Gavin Wood 89 min
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$UNI

2018 Hayden Adams 229 min
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$XLM

2015 David Mazières 59 min
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$POL

2019 Jaynti Kanani, Sandeep Nailwal and Anurag Arjun 35 min
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$ATOM

2016 Jae Kwon and Ethan Buchman 59 min
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$BCH

2017 Bitcoin Cash Development Team 28 min
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$FIL

2017 Juan Benet and Nicola Greco 149 min
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$ALGO

2017 Jing Chen and Silvio Micali 187 min
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$NEAR

2019 Alex Skidanov and Illia Polosukhin 60 min
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$XMR

2013 Nicolas van Saberhagen 148 min
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$AAVE

2020 Stani Kulechov 72 min
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$HBAR

2016 Leemon Baird, Mance Harmon and Paul Madsen 130 min
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$APT

2022 Avery Ching and Mo Shaikh 175 min
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$SUI

2022 The MystenLabs Team 287 min
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$ARB

2018 Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder 3 min
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$OP

2021 Optimism Collective 31 min
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$ICP

2022 Dominic Williams and Jan Camenisch 134 min
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$LTC

2011 Charlie Lee 7 min
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