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Abstract

This paper presents a new blockchain architecture based on Proof of History (PoH) — a proof for verifying order and passage of time between events. PoH is ...

Introduction

...have seen the same sequence, dramatically reducing the communication required. Proof of History provides exactly this: a cryptographic clock that produces a verifiable record ...

Outline

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. We first describe the Proof of History mechanism in detail, explaining its construction from sequential SHA-256 hashin...

Network Design

... validator at a time is designated as the leader, responsible for producing the PoH sequence and ordering transactions into blocks. Validators are assigned leader ...

Proof of History

Proof of History is a sequence of computations that provides a cryptographic way to verify the p...

Proof of History Sequence

The Proof of History sequence is a continuous stream of hash computations that serves as the backbon...

Timestamp

Each hash and counter published by the PoH generator represents a unique timestamp. This timestamp is a proof that the dat...

Proof of Stake Consensus

...T that is specifically designed to leverage the temporal guarantees provided by Proof of History. In Tower BFT, validators stake SOL tokens as collateral and vote on the validi...

Streaming Proof of Replication

... (key_v) key_v = validator-specific key (derived from validator identity + PoH state) Each C_i depends on P_i AND C_{i-1}, making the chain unforgeable per-v...

System Architecture

...)│ │ (Ledger) │ │ Network │ │ ed25519 verify │ │ Sealevel │ │ PoH + │ │ packets │ │ on CUDA cores │ │ parallel │ │ Storage │ ...

Performance

...ond, ensuring that cryptographic validation does not constrain the system. The PoH generator runs on a dedicated CPU core, producing approximately 4 million SHA-2...

Conclusion

This paper has presented a new blockchain architecture built on Proof of History, a mechanism for creating a verifiable, trustless record of time passage using ...