$ARB 2018 · 3 min

Arbitrum: Hợp đồng thông minh riêng tư, có thể mở rộng

Arbitrum: Scalable, Private Smart Contracts

Tác giả Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder

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Overview

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Protocol Design

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Consensus and Security

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Network Operation

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Economics and Governance

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Implementation Notes

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts | USENIX Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, Xiaoqi Chen, S. Matthew Weinberg, and Edward W. Felten, We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum. Arbitrum, like Ethereum, allows parties to create smart contracts by using code to specify the behavior of a virtual machine (VM) that implements the contract's functionality. Arbitrum uses mechanism design to incentivize parties to agree off-chain on what a VM would do, so that the Arbitrum miners need only verify digital signatures to confirm that parties have agreed on a VM's behavior. In the event that the parties cannot reach unanimous agreement off-chain, Arbitrum still allows honest parties to advance the VM state on-chain. If a party tries to lie about a VM's behavior, the verifier (or miners) will identify and penalize the dishonest party by using a highly-efficient challenge-based protocol that exploits features of the Arbitrum virtual machine architecture. Moving the verification of VMs' behavior off-chain in this way provides dramatic improvements in scalability and privacy. We describe Arbitrum's protocol and virtual machine architecture, and we present a working prototype implementation. USENIX is committed to Open Access to the research presented at our events. Papers and proceedings are freely available to everyone once the event begins. Any video, audio, and/or slides that are posted after the event are also free and open to everyone. and our commitment to Open Access. @inproceedings {217511, author = {Harry Kalodner and Steven Goldfeder and Xiaoqi Chen and S. Matthew Weinberg and Edward W. Felten}, title = {Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts}, booktitle = {27th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 18)}, isbn = {978-1-939133-04-5}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, pages = {1353--1370}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/kalodner}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, Registration Information Registration Discounts Student and Diversity Grants Venue, Hotel, and Travel Birds-of-a-Feather Sessions Poster Session and Happy Hour Submission Policies and Instructions Instructions for Presenters

Câu hỏi thường gặp

Whitepaper Arbitrum là gì?
Whitepaper Arbitrum, có tiêu đề 'Arbitrum: Scalable, Private Smart Contracts,' mô tả một giao thức optimistic rollup để mở rộng Ethereum. Được xuất bản như một bài báo USENIX Security vào năm 2018, nó giới thiệu bằng chứng gian lận tương tác để xác minh tính toán off-chain.
Ai đã viết whitepaper Arbitrum và vào thời điểm nào?
Whitepaper Arbitrum được đồng tác giả bởi Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder và những người khác tại Đại học Princeton. Xuất bản năm 2018, công nghệ này được thương mại hóa bởi Offchain Labs, do Ed Felten (cựu Phó CTO Nhà Trắng) đồng sáng lập.
Đổi mới kỹ thuật cốt lõi của Arbitrum là gì?
Đổi mới cốt lõi của Arbitrum là hệ thống bằng chứng gian lận tương tác — các tranh chấp được giải quyết thông qua một giao thức chia đôi nhiều vòng thu hẹp xuống một lệnh duy nhất, khiến việc xác minh trên Ethereum L1 cực kỳ tiết kiệm gas.
Cơ chế rollup của Arbitrum hoạt động như thế nào?
Arbitrum gộp các giao dịch off-chain và đăng dữ liệu nén lên Ethereum L1. Một sequencer sắp xếp các giao dịch và công bố các cam kết trạng thái. Bất kỳ ai cũng có thể thách thức các gốc trạng thái không chính xác bằng cách khởi xướng bằng chứng gian lận trong khoảng thời gian thách thức khoảng 7 ngày.
Arbitrum khác Optimism như thế nào?
Arbitrum sử dụng bằng chứng gian lận tương tác (chia đôi nhiều vòng), trong khi Optimism sử dụng bằng chứng gian lận không tương tác (thực thi lại một bước). Arbitrum có môi trường thực thi AVM/WASM riêng của mình, trong khi Optimism sử dụng EVM đã sửa đổi (OP Stack).
Mô hình cung cấp của ARB là gì?
ARB có tổng nguồn cung 10 tỷ token, với giới hạn lạm phát hàng năm 2% cho quản trị DAO. Phân phối bao gồm 42,78% cho kho bạc DAO, 26,94% cho nhà đầu tư, 17,53% cho nhóm và 12,75% qua đợt airdrop ban đầu.
Các trường hợp sử dụng chính của Arbitrum là gì?
Arbitrum là Ethereum L2 lớn nhất theo TVL, lưu trữ các giao thức DeFi lớn (GMX, Camelot, Radiant), các dự án NFT và game. Arbitrum Orbit cho phép các dự án ra mắt chuỗi L3 bằng cách sử dụng công nghệ của Arbitrum.
Arbitrum giải quyết vấn đề gì?
Arbitrum giải quyết chi phí gas cao và thông lượng hạn chế của Ethereum bằng cách thực thi các giao dịch off-chain trong khi thừa hưởng bảo mật của Ethereum. Người dùng nhận được phí thấp hơn 10-100 lần với khả năng tương thích hợp đồng thông minh tương tự.
Mô hình bảo mật của Arbitrum hoạt động như thế nào?
Bảo mật của Arbitrum thừa hưởng từ Ethereum L1 — dữ liệu giao dịch được đăng lên Ethereum và bất kỳ một validator trung thực nào cũng có thể thách thức các gốc trạng thái không chính xác. Khoảng thời gian thách thức 7 ngày đảm bảo đủ thời gian để phát hiện gian lận.
Tình trạng hiện tại của hệ sinh thái Arbitrum là gì?
Arbitrum là Ethereum L2 hàng đầu theo tổng giá trị khóa. Arbitrum One (rollup), Arbitrum Nova (AnyTrust cho game/mạng xã hội), Stylus (hợp đồng thông minh WASM) và Orbit (khung L3) tạo thành một ngăn xếp mở rộng toàn diện. ArbitrumDAO quản lý sự phát triển giao thức.