Dogecoin: Tiền mã hóa do cộng đồng thúc đẩy

Abstract

Dogecoin la mot loai tien ma hoa phi tap trung, ngang hang, duoc fork tu Litecoin vao thang 12 nam 2013. Ban dau duoc tao ra nhu mot giai phap thay the vui nhon cho Bitcoin, Dogecoin da phat trien thanh mot loai tien ky thuat so duoc su dung rong rai voi mot cong dong soi dong. Duoc xay dung tren thuat toan bang chung cong viec Scrypt, Dogecoin co thoi gian tao khoi nhanh, phi giao dich thap va chinh sach tien te lam phat duoc thiet ke de khuyen khich chi tieu va tip thay vi tich tru.

Khac voi hau het cac loai tien ma hoa tu dinh vi la phuong tien luu tru gia tri hoac co so ha tang tai chinh, Dogecoin duoc hinh thanh voi trong tam la kha nang tiep can, su hao phong va niem vui. Rao can gia nhap thap va cong dong than thien da giup no tro thanh mot trong nhung loai tien ma hoa duoc nam giu rong rai nhat the gioi. Tai lieu nay mo ta nen tang ky thuat, chinh sach tien te, kien truc mang va lich su phat trien cua Dogecoin, cung cap mot tai lieu tham khao toan dien cho mot loai tien ma hoa ma, bat chap nguon goc hai huoc cua no, van hoat dong tren cac nguyen tac mat ma vung chac va da duoc kiem chung ke thua tu Bitcoin va Litecoin.

Introduction

Vao ngay 6 thang 12 nam 2013, cac ky su phan mem Billy Markus va Jackson Palmer da ra mat Dogecoin, mot loai tien ma hoa lay cam hung tu meme internet noi tieng "Doge" voi hinh anh mot chu cho Shiba Inu. Nhung gi bat dau nhu mot tro dua nham cham biem su gia tang nhanh chong cua cac loai tien ma hoa thay the da nhanh chong phat trien thanh mot loai tien ky thuat so hop phap voi mot cong dong toan cau nhiet tinh. Trong thang dau tien ton tai, trang web cua Dogecoin da don hon mot trieu luot truy cap, va cong dong cua no bat dau to chuc cac chien dich gay quy tu thien -- dieu se tro thanh dau an dac trung cua du an.

Dogecoin duoc tao ra bang cach fork ma nguon cua Litecoin, ban than Litecoin cung la mot fork cua Bitcoin. Dong doi nay da cung cap cho Dogecoin mot nen tang da duoc thu nghiem ve bao mat mat ma va dong thuan phi tap trung. Tuy nhien, Markus va Palmer da dua ra nhung lua chon thiet ke co chu dich de phan biet Dogecoin voi cac tien nhiem cua no: thoi gian tao khoi nhanh hon, luong cung coin phong phu hon nhieu, va mot ban sac thuong hieu than thien, de tiep can -- hoan toan tuong phan voi van hoa thuong mang tinh ky thuat va loai tru xung quanh cac loai tien ma hoa khac.

Boi canh tien ma hoa vao cuoi nam 2013 duoc dac trung boi su tang gia Bitcoin va su bung no cua cac dong coin thay the, nhieu trong so do dua ra nhung tuyen bo to lon ve viec cach mang hoa tai chinh. Dogecoin buoc vao moi truong nay nhu mot doi trong tu nhan thuc, chap nhan su phi ly trong khi mang lai tien ich that su. Chi phi thap tren moi don vi lam cho no de tiep can ve mat tam ly doi voi nguoi moi, va thoi gian xac nhan nhanh lam cho no thuc te cho cac giao dich nho hang ngay. Cong dong Dogecoin nhanh chong tiep nhan van hoa tip cho nhung nguoi sang tao noi dung tren cac nen tang mang xa hoi va gop quy cho cac muc dich tu thien, thiet lap cac mo hinh su dung phan biet no voi van hoa dau co cua nhieu loai tien ma hoa khac.

Bat chap nguon goc phi truyen thong, Dogecoin da chung to suc song va kha nang phuc hoi dang chu y. No da duy tri hoat dong mang lien tuc ke tu khi ra mat, trai qua cac nang cap giao thuc quan trong, va lien tuc nam trong so cac loai tien ma hoa hang dau theo von hoa thi truong. Su ton tai va tang truong cua no trong hon mot thap ky la minh chung cho suc manh cua cong dong va su vung chac cua cong nghe co ban ke thua tu ma nguon Bitcoin va Litecoin.

Background

Nen tang ky thuat cua Dogecoin bat nguon tu hai du an tien ma hoa ma nguon mo truoc do: Bitcoin va Litecoin. Viec hieu cac tien nhiem nay la can thiet de hieu kien truc va cac quyet dinh thiet ke cua Dogecoin.

Bitcoin, duoc gioi thieu vao nam 2008 boi Satoshi Nakamoto duoi but danh, da thiet lap mo hinh co ban cho cac loai tien ky thuat so phi tap trung. No da chung minh rang mot mang ngang hang co the dat duoc dong thuan ve trang thai cua mot so cai chia se ma khong can mot co quan trung uong dang tin cay. Co che bang chung cong viec cua Bitcoin, dua tren thuat toan bam SHA-256, cung cap mot phuong phap chong Sybil de xac thuc giao dich va tao khoi moi. Tuy nhien, thiet ke cua Bitcoin uu tien bao mat va phi tap trung, dan den thoi gian tao khoi tuong doi cham khoang muoi phut va chinh sach tien te giam phat voi gioi han cung 21 trieu dong.

Litecoin, duoc Charlie Lee tao ra vao thang 10 nam 2011, la mot trong nhung fork Bitcoin som nhat va thanh cong nhat. Lee da thay doi mot so tham so cua Bitcoin voi muc tieu tao ra mot phien ban "nhe" hon phu hop cho cac giao dich nho hon va thuong xuyen hon. Thay doi quan trong nhat la viec ap dung thuat toan bam Scrypt thay vi SHA-256. Scrypt la mot ham doi hoi bo nho cao, ban dau duoc thiet ke de lam cho cac cuoc tan cong brute-force vao bam mat khau ton kem hon. Bang cach doi hoi bo nho dang ke ngoai suc manh tinh toan, Scrypt nham chong lai loi the ma phan cung dao chuyen dung ASIC (Mach Tich Hop Ung Dung Cu The) co duoc so voi CPU va GPU da dung. Litecoin cung giam thoi gian tao khoi xuong 2,5 phut va tang tong cung coin len 84 trieu.

Khi Billy Markus bat tay vao tao Dogecoin vao cuoi nam 2013, ong da chon fork ma nguon Luckycoin, ban than no la mot fork cua Litecoin. Quyet dinh nay ke thua bang chung cong viec dua tren Scrypt cua Litecoin, mo hinh giao dich UTXO (Dau Ra Giao Dich Chua Chi Tieu) va kien truc mang chung. Sau do Markus thuc hien cac dieu chinh bo sung de tiep tuc phan biet Dogecoin: thoi gian khoi duoc giam xuong mot phut, luong cung coin ban dau duoc tang dang ke, va mot he thong thuong khoi ngau nhien duoc trien khai cho giai doan phan phoi ban dau. Nhung thay doi nay duoc thiet ke de tao ra mot loai tien ma hoa vui khi dao, de co duoc va phu hop cho cac vi giao dich va van hoa tip ma cac nha sang lap da hinh dung.

Quyet dinh dua Dogecoin tren Scrypt thay vi SHA-256 co nhung tac dong quan trong doi voi he sinh thai dao cua no. Vao nam 2013, viec dao Bitcoin da bi thong tri boi phan cung ASIC, khien nguoi dung binh thuong khong the tham gia. ASIC cho Scrypt chua ton tai khi Dogecoin ra mat, co nghia la viec dao bang GPU van kha thi va de tiep can. Dieu nay tao san choi binh dang cho cac tho dao som va gop phan vao viec phan phoi rong rai dong coin trong giai doan hinh thanh cua Dogecoin.

Technical Specifications

Dogecoin hoat dong tren co che dong thuan bang chung cong viec su dung thuat toan bam Scrypt. Scrypt duoc chon thong qua viec ke thua tu Litecoin va cung cap mot ham bang chung cong viec doi hoi bo nho cao, doi hoi ca suc manh tinh toan va truy cap bo nho, phan biet no voi thuat toan SHA-256 thuan tinh toan cua Bitcoin.

Muc tieu tao khoi cua Dogecoin la mot phut, khien no nhanh hon dang ke so voi ca Bitcoin (muoi phut) va Litecoin (2,5 phut). Thoi gian khoi nhanh nay mang lai nhieu loi the thuc tien: giao dich nhan duoc xac nhan dau tien nhanh hon, giam thoi gian cho doi cho thuong nhan va nguoi dung; mang co the xu ly thong luong giao dich ly thuyet cao hon tren mot don vi thoi gian; va phan thuong dao duoc phan phoi thuong xuyen hon, cung cap mot dong thu nhap on dinh hon cho cac tho dao.

Moi khoi Dogecoin co kich thuoc toi da la mot megabyte, nhat quan voi gioi han kich thuoc khoi Bitcoin ban dau. Voi thoi gian khoi mot phut, dieu nay cung cap dung luong thong luong hieu qua gap khoang muoi lan thiet ke ban dau cua Bitcoin. Trong thuc te, cac khoi Dogecoin thuong hoat dong duoi cong suat nhieu, dam bao rang cac giao dich co the duoc dua vao khoi tiep theo voi phi toi thieu.

Thuat toan dieu chinh do kho tinh toan lai do kho dao moi 240 khoi, tuong ung khoang bon gio tai thoi gian khoi muc tieu mot phut. Viec dieu chinh tuong doi thuong xuyen nay giup mang phan ung nhanh hon voi cac thay doi trong ty le bam so voi Bitcoin, viec dieu chinh moi 2016 khoi (khoang hai tuan). Thoi gian dieu chinh nhanh hon la can thiet do thoi gian khoi ngan hon cua Dogecoin va giup duy tri ty le san xuat khoi on dinh ngay ca khi cac tho dao gia nhap va roi khoi mang.

Dogecoin su dung cung mo hinh UTXO (Dau Ra Giao Dich Chua Chi Tieu) nhu Bitcoin de theo doi quyen so huu dong coin. Moi giao dich tieu thu mot hoac nhieu UTXO lam dau vao va tao cac UTXO moi lam dau ra. Mo hinh nay cung cap mot ban ghi minh bach va co the kiem toan ve quyen so huu dong coin ma khong can duy tri so du tai khoan trong trang thai toan cuc. Cac tap lenh giao dich su dung cung ngon ngu kich ban nhu Bitcoin, ho tro cac loai giao dich tieu chuan bao gom thanh toan theo bam khoa cong khai (P2PKH) va thanh toan theo bam kich ban (P2SH).

Dia chi trong Dogecoin bat dau bang chu "D" va duoc lay tu cac khoa cong khai ECDSA (Thuat Toan Chu Ky So Duong Cong Elliptic) su dung duong cong secp256k1, cung duong cong elliptic duoc Bitcoin su dung. Dinh dang dia chi bao gom mot byte phien ban dac trung cho Dogecoin, bam cua khoa cong khai va tong kiem tra de phat hien loi. Dieu nay dam bao rang dia chi Dogecoin co the phan biet truc quan voi dia chi Bitcoin va Litecoin, ngan chan viec chuyen tien nham giua cac chuoi.

Giao thuc mang hoat dong tren cong 22556 cho ket noi mainnet va cong 44556 cho testnet. Cac nut giao tiep su dung giao thuc bat nguon tu he thong nhan tin ngang hang cua Bitcoin, voi cac thong diep de truyen ba khoi, chuyen tiep giao dich, phat hien ngang hang va giam sat suc khoe mang. Giao thuc bao gom viec bat tay phien ban de dam bao tinh tuong thich giua cac nut chay cac phien ban phan mem khac nhau.

Monetary Policy

Chinh sach tien te cua Dogecoin la mot trong nhung dac diem noi bat nhat cua no va dai dien cho su khac biet co chu dich voi cac mo hinh giam phat duoc Bitcoin va hau het cac loai tien ma hoa khac ap dung. Thay vi ap dat gioi han cung cho tong cung, Dogecoin co lich phat hanh lam phat vinh vien, bo sung khoang 5,256 ty dong coin moi vao nguon cung moi nam.

Trong giai doan phan phoi ban dau, Dogecoin su dung mot he thong thuong khoi ngau nhien doc dao. Tu khoi 1 den 99.999, phan thuong cho viec dao mot khoi duoc xac dinh ngau nhien tu 0 den 1.000.000 DOGE. Su ngau nhien nay nham them yeu to vui ve va kho doan vao qua trinh dao, phu hop voi tinh than vui tuoi cua du an. Cac tho dao co the nhan bat cu dieu gi tu khong den mot trieu dong coin khi tim thay mot khoi duy nhat, tao ra dong luc giong xo so gay hao hung trong cong dong ban dau.

Lich thuong sau do duoc cau truc thanh cac giai doan giam nua. Tu khoi 100.000 den 144.999, phan thuong ngau nhien tu 0 den 500.000 DOGE. Cac khoi 145.000 den 199.999 cung cap phan thuong ngau nhien len den 250.000 DOGE, va cac khoi 200.000 den 299.999 cung cap len den 125.000 DOGE. Tai khoi 300.000, tinh ngau nhien bi loai bo va phan thuong co dinh 62.500 DOGE moi khoi duoc thiet lap. Tai khoi 600.000, phan thuong giam mot nua xuong con 31.250 DOGE. Cuoi cung, bat dau tu khoi 600.001, phan thuong khoi duoc co dinh vinh vien o muc 10.000 DOGE moi khoi, khong co ke hoach giam nua nao them.

Phan thuong co dinh vinh vien 10.000 DOGE moi khoi nay co nghia la khoang 14,4 trieu dong coin moi duoc dao moi ngay, tong cong khoang 5,256 ty dong coin moi moi nam. Mac du day la chinh sach lam phat ve mat tuyet doi, ty le lam phat theo phan tram cua tong cung giam theo thoi gian. Khi tong cung tang, luong phat hanh moi moi nam dai dien cho mot phan nho hon cua tong the. Den nam 2025, voi khoang 147 ty dong coin luu hanh, ty le lam phat hang nam da giam xuong duoi 3,6 phan tram va tiep tuc giam tiem can ve khong.

Cac nha thiet ke chinh sach tien te cua Dogecoin lap luan rang ty le lam phat vua phai va co the du doan phuc vu nhieu muc dich co loi. No khuyen khich chi tieu va luu thong thay vi tich tru, vi nguoi nam giu phai doi mat voi su pha loang dan neu ho chi don gian ngoi tren dong coin cua minh. No dam bao rang cac tho dao tiep tuc nhan duoc phan thuong khoi co y nghia vinh vien, duy tri bao mat mang ma khong can mang phai chi dua vao phi giao dich nhu Bitcoin cuoi cung se phai lam. Va no thay the cac dong coin khong the tranh khoi bi mat do mat khau bi quen, hong phan cung va cac nguyen nhan khac cua viec khong the truy cap vinh vien, ngan nguon cung tien hieu qua suy giam theo thoi gian.

Tong cung cua Dogecoin da vuot qua 100 ty dong coin vao giua nam 2015. Den dau nam 2026, khoang 148 ty DOGE ton tai. Nguon cung lon nay, ket hop voi gia tuong doi thap tren moi don vi, mang lai cho Dogecoin loi the tam ly khi su dung trong tip va vi giao dich. Nguoi dung co the gui so luong nguyen thay vi phai xu ly cac so luong thap phan pho bien trong giao dich Bitcoin, lam cho dong tien truc quan hon cho viec su dung hang ngay.

Network Architecture

Mang Dogecoin bao gom mot tap hop phan tan cac nut duy tri ban sao day du cua blockchain va xac thuc tat ca cac giao dich va khoi theo cac quy tac dong thuan cua giao thuc. Giong nhu Bitcoin va Litecoin, Dogecoin su dung giao thuc ngang hang dua tren gossip de truyen ba giao dich va khoi qua mang. Khi mot nut nhan duoc mot giao dich hoac khoi moi, no xac thuc theo cac quy tac giao thuc va, neu hop le, chuyen tiep cho cac ngang hang da ket noi.

Cac nut day du tao thanh xuong song cua mang. Moi nut day du doc lap xac minh moi giao dich va khoi tu khoi khoi nguon tro di, duy tri ban sao day du va duoc xac minh doc lap cua toan bo lich su giao dich. Su du thua nay dam bao khong co diem loi don le nao ton tai va bat ky nguoi tham gia nao cung co the doc lap kiem tra tinh toan ven cua blockchain. Dogecoin Core, ban trien khai tham chieu duoc duy tri boi nhom phat trien Dogecoin, dong vai tro la phan mem nut day du chinh.

Dao la qua trinh ma cac khoi moi duoc them vao blockchain va cac dong DOGE moi duoc tao ra. Cac tho dao canh tranh de tim mot gia tri nonce ma, khi ket hop voi du lieu tieu de khoi va xu ly qua thuat toan bam Scrypt, tao ra mot gia tri bam duoi muc tieu do kho hien tai. Tho dao tim thay bam hop le dau tien se phat khoi moi ra mang va nhan phan thuong khoi 10.000 DOGE cong voi bat ky phi giao dich nao co trong khoi.

Mot trong nhung thay doi quan trong nhat trong lich su Dogecoin la viec ap dung Bang Chung Cong Viec Phu Tro (AuxPoW), thuong duoc goi la dao ket hop, vao thang 8 nam 2014 voi phien ban Dogecoin Core 1.8. Dao ket hop cho phep cac tho dao dong thoi dao nhieu loai tien ma hoa su dung cung thuat toan bam ma khong mat them chi phi tinh toan nao. Trong thuc te, dieu nay co nghia la cac tho dao Litecoin co the dua tieu de khoi Dogecoin vao cong viec dao Litecoin cua ho, hieu qua bao mat ca hai chuoi voi cung mot suc manh bam.

Viec ap dung dao ket hop duoc thuc day boi moi lo ngai bao mat nghiem trong. Den giua nam 2014, viec dao Dogecoin chuyen dung da tro nen khong co loi ve mat kinh te khi doanh thu tho dao giam sau cac dot giam nua phan thuong khoi. Ty le bam cua mang dang giam, lam cho no ngay cang de bi tan cong 51 phan tram. Bang cach cho phep dao ket hop voi Litecoin, Dogecoin co the huong loi tu he sinh thai dao lon hon dang ke cua Litecoin. Ket qua la su gia tang dang ke ty le bam hieu qua cua Dogecoin, khi cac pool dao Litecoin lon bat dau dao ket hop Dogecoin ve co ban la mien phi. Dieu nay lam cho mang an toan hon dang ke so voi nhung gi nen kinh te doc lap cua no co the ho tro.

Theo giao thuc dao ket hop, mot tho dao Litecoin xay dung mot khoi bao gom tham chieu den tieu de khoi Dogecoin trong giao dich coinbase cua no. Neu giai phap bang chung cong viec Litecoin cung dap ung yeu cau do kho cua Dogecoin, tho dao co the gui no den mang Dogecoin nhu mot khoi hop le. Vi do kho cua Litecoin thuong cao hon nhieu so voi Dogecoin, hau het cac khoi Litecoin cung se du dieu kien la khoi Dogecoin hop le. Dieu nay co nghia la Dogecoin hieu qua ke thua bao mat cua mang dao Litecoin.

Co che phat hien ngang hang cua mang su dung ket hop DNS seed va trao doi ngang hang. Khi mot nut moi khoi dong lan dau tien, no lien lac voi cac nut DNS seed duoc ma cung de co duoc danh sach cac ngang hang dang hoat dong. Sau khi ket noi voi mang, cac nut trao doi dia chi ngang hang voi cac lang gieng cua chung, dan dan xay dung mot tap hop ket noi da dang va ben vung. Giao thuc nham muc tieu tam ket noi di mac dinh moi nut, mac du cac nut co the chap nhan them cac ket noi den.

Viec truyen ba giao dich qua mang thuong nhanh chong, voi hau het cac nut nhan duoc giao dich moi trong vong vai giay sau khi phat lan dau. Viec truyen ba khoi cung nhanh tuong tu, mac du kich thuoc du lieu lon hon co nghia la mat nhieu thoi gian hon mot chut de lan truyen qua toan bo mang. Thoi gian khoi mot phut co nghia la giao dich thuong nhan duoc xac nhan dau tien trong vong mot den hai phut sau khi phat, lam cho Dogecoin thuc te cho cac giao dich tai diem ban hang noi xac nhan nhanh hon la mong muon.

Use Cases and Community

Dac diem noi bat nhat cua Dogecoin, ngoai cac thong so ky thuat, la cong dong da hinh thanh xung quanh no. Tu nhung ngay dau tien, cong dong Dogecoin da thiet lap mot nen van hoa tap trung vao su hao phong, hai huoc va kha nang tiep can, phan biet no voi hau het moi du an tien ma hoa khac.

Tip la mot trong nhung truong hop su dung dau tien va noi bat nhat cua Dogecoin. Trong vong vai tuan sau khi ra mat, cac thanh vien cong dong da tao cac bot cho Reddit va Twitter cho phep nguoi dung tip cho nhau bang DOGE khi tao noi dung giai tri hoac huu ich. Chi phi thap tren moi don vi DOGE lam cho viec tip de dang ve mat tam ly -- gui cho ai do 100 DOGE cam thay co tac dong va vui hon nhieu so voi viec gui 0,00005 BTC, ngay ca khi gia tri dollar la tuong duong. Van hoa tip nay tao ra mot su gioi thieu tu nhien ve tien ma hoa cho hang trieu nguoi co the khong bao gio tuong tac voi cong dong Bitcoin voi tinh chat ky thuat va tai chinh hon.

Cong dong Dogecoin da to chuc nhieu chien dich tu thien noi bat thu hut su chu y dang ke cua cong chung doi voi du an. Vao thang 1 nam 2014, cong dong da quyen gop khoang 27 trieu DOGE (tri gia khoang 30.000 do la vao thoi diem do) de giup tai tro chuyen di cua doi truot tuyet bang Jamaica den The Van Hoi Mua Dong tai Sochi, Nga. Chien dich nay thu hut su chu y rong rai cua truyen thong va xac lap danh tieng cua Dogecoin nhu mot luc luong vi hanh dong tich cuc. Cong dong sau do da quyen gop cho cac du an nuoc sach o Kenya thong qua chien dich Doge4Water, tai tro tay dua NASCAR Josh Wise trong chiec xe so 98 mang chu de Doge, va dong gop cho nhieu muc dich tu thien khac.

La phuong tien trao doi, cac dac tinh ky thuat cua Dogecoin lam cho no phu hop cho cac vi giao dich va thanh toan thong thuong. Phi giao dich tren mang Dogecoin thuong chi la phan nho cua mot cent, lam cho viec gui so tien rat nho tro nen kha thi ve mat kinh te. Thoi gian khoi mot phut cung cap xac nhan tuong doi nhanh cho cac giao dich truc tiep. Luong cung luu hanh lon co nghia la hau het cac giao dich co the duoc dinh gia bang so nguyen thay vi so thap phan phuc tap can thiet boi Bitcoin, giam ma sat nhan thuc cho nguoi dung.

Dogecoin da duoc nhieu thuong nhan va nha cung cap dich vu chap nhan lam phuong thuc thanh toan. Cac nha ban le truc tuyen, nen tang game va nguoi sang tao noi dung da tich hop thanh toan Dogecoin, bi thu hut boi chi phi giao dich thap va cong dong khach hang tiem nang nhiet tinh. Nhieu bo xu ly thanh toan tien ma hoa ho tro Dogecoin, cho phep thuong nhan chap nhan DOGE va nhan thanh toan bang dong tien phap dinh dia phuong neu muon.

Du an cung dong vai tro giao duc quan trong trong he sinh thai tien ma hoa rong lon hon. Thuong hieu de tiep can va cong dong than thien cua Dogecoin da bien no thanh diem vao pho bien cho nhung nguoi tim hieu ve tien ky thuat so, cong nghe blockchain va cac he thong phi tap trung. Nhieu nguoi dam me tien ma hoa sau nay tham gia sau vao cac du an khac da lan dau tien biet den cong nghe thong qua Dogecoin.

Vao nam 2021, Dogecoin trai qua su tang vot manh me ve su chu y cua dong dao va von hoa thi truong, mot phan do su ung ho tren mang xa hoi tu cac nhan vat cong chung noi tieng. Mac du giai doan dau co manh me nay gay tranh cai trong cong dong, no da thu hut hang trieu nguoi dung moi den mang Dogecoin va cung co vi tri cua dong coin nhu mot trong nhung loai tien ma hoa duoc cong nhan rong rai nhat tren the gioi.

Development History

Lich su phat trien cua Dogecoin phan anh su tien hoa cua mot du an bat dau nhu mot thi nghiem nhanh cuoi tuan va truong thanh thanh mot loai tien ma hoa ma nguon mo nghiem tuc duoc duy tri boi mot nhom phat trien tinh nguyen tan tuy.

Phien ban dau tien cua Dogecoin vao ngay 6 thang 12 nam 2013 dua tren fork ma nguon Luckycoin, ban than no bat nguon tu Litecoin. Billy Markus da thuc hien cac sua doi de tuy chinh cac tham so cua dong coin, bao gom lich thuong khoi, thoi gian khoi va thuong hieu. Phan mem duoc phat hanh duoi ten Dogecoin Core 1.0 va khoi khoi nguon duoc dao vao ngay 6 thang 12 nam 2013.

Trong nhung thang dau, viec phat trien tap trung vao su on dinh va sua loi. Dogecoin Core 1.1 den 1.4 giai quyet cac van de khac nhau khi mang tang truong nhanh chong va cong dong mo rong. Mot cuoc khung hoang som dang chu y xay ra khi mot lo hong cho phep fork doc hai cua chuoi, doi hoi ban va khan cap va phoi hop cong dong de giai quyet.

Phien ban 1.5, phat hanh vao dau nam 2014, loai bo he thong thuong khoi ngau nhien truoc thoi han. Mac du cac phan thuong ngau nhien la mot tinh nang vui va dac biet, chung gay ra thach thuc cho cac nha van hanh pool dao va lam cho du bao doanh thu kho khan cho cac tho dao. Nhom phat trien thay the phan thuong ngau nhien bang lich trinh tat dinh, duy tri cung ty le phat hanh tong the trong khi lam cho phan thuong khoi co the du doan duoc.

Nang cap giao thuc co hau qua lon nhat trong lich su Dogecoin la viec trien khai Bang Chung Cong Viec Phu Tro (AuxPoW) trong phien ban 1.8, phat hanh vao thang 9 nam 2014. Thay doi nay cho phep dao ket hop voi Litecoin va cac loai tien ma hoa dua tren Scrypt khac. Quyet dinh nay duoc thuc day boi moi lo ngai bao mat ngay cang tang khi ty le bam doc lap cua Dogecoin giam sau cac dot giam nua phan thuong khoi. Viec chuyen doi sang AuxPoW doi hoi mot hard fork cua mang va dai dien cho su khac biet dang ke so voi nguon goc cua Dogecoin nhu mot chuoi doc lap. Tuy nhien, no da chung minh la quyet dinh dung dan, vi thoa thuan dao ket hop da tang bao mat mang mot cach dang ke.

Dogecoin Core 1.10, phat hanh vao nam 2015, dua ma nguon gan hon voi cac thay doi Bitcoin Core thuong nguon, tich hop cac cai tien ve mang, xac thuc va chuc nang vi. Cac phien ban tiep theo tiep tuc mo hinh theo doi cac cai tien Bitcoin Core trong khi duy tri cac tham so va tinh nang dac trung cua Dogecoin.

Sau mot giai doan phat trien cham lai vao giua thap nien 2010, du an Dogecoin duoc hoi sinh voi viec thanh lap Quy Dogecoin vao nam 2021. Quy mang lai cau truc to chuc va tai chinh moi cho du an, ho tro phat trien dang dien ra va cac sang kien cong dong. Mot the he phat trien moi da tham gia du an, lam viec ve hien dai hoa ma nguon, cai thien tai lieu va lap ke hoach cho cac nang cap giao thuc trong tuong lai.

Dogecoin Core 1.14.6, phat hanh vao cuoi nam 2022, gioi thieu nhung cai tien dang ke trong xu ly phi, bao gom viec giam phi chuyen tiep toi thieu mac dinh. Thay doi nay lam cho giao dich Dogecoin con re hon nua, cung co su phu hop cua no cho cac vi giao dich va tip. Phien ban cung bao gom cac toi uu hoa hieu suat va ban va bao mat duoc chuyen tu Bitcoin Core thuong nguon.

Nhom phat trien da thao luan ve mot so sang kien huong toi tuong lai, bao gom cai thien kha nang mo rong cua mang, tiem nang cho cac giai phap lop hai tuong tu nhu Lightning Network cua Bitcoin, va cac cai tien phan mem vi de trai nghiem nguoi dung tot hon. Quy Dogecoin da cong bo lo trinh phat trien ("Dogecoin Trailmap") neu ro cac muc tieu nay, voi trong tam la lam cho Dogecoin thuc te cho cac giao dich hang ngay o quy mo toan cau.

Trong suot lich su, viec phat trien Dogecoin duoc dac trung boi cach tiep can than trong doi voi cac thay doi giao thuc. Cac thay doi lon duoc thuc day boi su can thiet thuc te thay vi tham vong tinh nang, va nhom phat trien da uu tien su on dinh mang va kha nang tuong thich nguoc. Triet ly than trong nay da dong gop vao do tin cay va suc song lau dai cua Dogecoin, ngay ca khi cac du an co tham vong ky thuat hon da xuat hien va bien mat.

Conclusion

Dogecoin da chung minh rang gia tri va suc song lau dai cua mot loai tien ma hoa khong chi duoc xac dinh boi doi moi ky thuat ma con boi suc manh va van hoa cong dong cua no. Nhung gi bat dau nhu mot tro parodie vui nhon ve con sot tien ma hoa cuoi nam 2013 da ton tai hon mot thap ky, duy tri hoat dong mang lien tuc, xu ly hang trieu giao dich va ho tro mot trong nhung cong dong tich cuc nhat trong khong gian tien ky thuat so.

Nen tang ky thuat ke thua tu Bitcoin va Litecoin da cung cap cho Dogecoin bao mat vung chac va do tin cay da duoc chung minh. Viec ap dung dao ket hop voi Litecoin vao nam 2014 la mot quyet dinh then chot giup bao mat mang vuot xa nhung gi nen kinh te doc lap cua no co the ho tro, the hien ky thuat thuc dung phuc vu su ton tai cua du an. Thuat toan bang chung cong viec Scrypt, thoi gian khoi mot phut va chinh sach tien te lam phat ket hop de tao ra mot loai tien ma hoa phu hop cho cac truong hop su dung du kien la tip, vi giao dich va thanh toan ngang hang thong thuong.

Chinh sach tien te lam phat cua Dogecoin, thuong bi chi trich boi nhung nguoi ung ho dong tien co gioi han cung, da chung to la mot lua chon thiet ke chu dao. Viec phat hanh vinh vien dam bao dong luc lien tuc cho tho dao, thay the cac dong coin bi mat va khuyen khich luu thong thay vi tich tru. Ty le lam phat giam dan theo thoi gian co nghia la chinh sach tien te cua Dogecoin se tiem can toi trang thai lam phat bang khong -- nhung khong bao gio dat toi -- cung cap mot cach tiep can can bang giua hai cuc cua cung co dinh va phat hanh khong han che.

Co le quan trong nhat, Dogecoin da chung minh rang kha nang tiep can va su tham gia cua cong dong la nhung luc luong manh me trong viec ap dung cac cong nghe tai chinh moi. Bang cach ha thap cac rao can tam ly va ky thuat, Dogecoin da gioi thieu tien ma hoa va cong nghe blockchain cho hang trieu nguoi. Van hoa hao phong va tu thien cua no da thach thuc nhan thuc rang cong dong tien ma hoa chu yeu duoc thuc day boi dau co tai chinh.

Khi he sinh thai tien ma hoa tiep tuc phat trien, Dogecoin chiem mot vi tri doc dao va co gia tri. No khong co gang tro thanh mot nen tang cho cac ung dung phi tap trung, mot dong tien tap trung vao quyen rieng tu, hay mot giai phap cho nhu cau blockchain doanh nghiep. Thay vao do, no nham tro thanh chinh xac nhung gi cong dong cua no luon su dung: mot dong tien ky thuat so nhanh, re va de tiep can cho nguoi binh thuong. Su don gian cua su menh nay, ket hop voi su cong hien cua cong dong va cac nha phat trien, cho thay Dogecoin se tiep tuc la mot loai tien ma hoa phù hop va tich cuc trong nhieu nam toi.