อภิธานศัพท์สกุลเงินดิจิทัล

An entity that can hold assets and initiate actions. Ethereum uses an account model (externally owned accounts and cont…

A per-block cap on total gas that constrains how much computation can be included. It helps bound resource usage and af…

The number of blocks preceding a given block in the chain. Height is often used to reference time in protocols with pre…

A measure of how deep a transaction is buried under subsequent blocks. More confirmations generally reduce the risk of …

An attempt to spend the same funds twice by creating conflicting transactions. Consensus and confirmation depth are use…

The mechanism by which users compete for inclusion by paying fees. Fee markets allocate scarce block space and influenc…

A unit measuring computation and storage usage in Ethereum-like systems. Gas limits and fees prevent infinite loops and…

The maximum amount of gas a transaction is allowed to consume. If execution runs out of gas, state changes revert but f…

The amount a sender is willing to pay per unit of gas. In fee markets, gas price (or similar parameters) influences tra…

A reference to a previous output being spent in a transaction (in UTXO systems). Inputs typically include a signature p…

A transaction field that prevents inclusion in a block until a certain time or block height. Locktime enables timelocks…

The set of valid, unconfirmed transactions that nodes store and relay. Miners/validators typically choose transactions …

A new coin assignment created by a transaction. In UTXO systems, outputs define value and spending conditions, and beco…

Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash: a common Bitcoin output type that locks funds to a public key hash and requires a signature and…

Pay-to-Script-Hash: a Bitcoin output type that locks funds to a script hash. The spender reveals the redeem script and …

An attack where a valid transaction from one chain is copied and re-broadcast on another chain, often after a fork. Rep…

A programmable spending condition language attached to transaction outputs. Bitcoin Script is intentionally limited and…

In Bitcoin, the locking script of an output specifying the conditions required to spend it. Inputs provide data that sa…

In Bitcoin, the unlocking script in an input that provides signatures and data to satisfy the referenced output's Scrip…

A Bitcoin protocol upgrade that separates signature (witness) data from the transaction's main structure. SegWit increa…

A signed message that proposes a state change, such as transferring funds. Transactions are propagated through the netw…

A payment attached to a transaction to incentivize inclusion in a block. In many systems, fees are paid to the block pr…

A hash-based identifier for a transaction (often a hash of its serialized form). It is used to reference and track tran…

A property where a transaction's identifier can be changed without changing its effects, typically by altering signatur…

Unspent Transaction Output: the accounting model used by Bitcoin-like systems where coins are represented as discrete o…

Signature and script-related data used to satisfy spending conditions. In SegWit, witness data is separated from the tr…